Financial Math

Core formulas — ROI, IRR, CAGR, present value, bond yields, and time value of money.

ROI Calculator

Calculate return on investment and annualized ROI for any investment. Works for stocks, real estate, business investments, and more.

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IRR Calculator

Calculate the internal rate of return on any investment. Enter your initial outlay and expected cash flows to find the breakeven discount rate.

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CAGR Calculator

Calculate the compound annual growth rate of any investment. Enter beginning value, ending value, and time period to get your annualized return.

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Present Value Calculator

Calculate what future cash flows are worth today using a discount rate. The core concept behind every DCF valuation.

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Future Value Calculator

See what your money could grow to with compound interest and optional monthly contributions. Plan your investment growth over time.

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Time Value of Money Calculator

The Swiss army knife of finance. Solve for any of the five TVM variables: present value, future value, payment, rate, or number of periods.

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APY Calculator

Convert a nominal interest rate (APR) to annual percentage yield (APY). See how compounding frequency affects your real returns on savings and CDs.

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Bond Price & Yield Calculator

Calculate bond price from yield or yield from price. See current yield, YTM, duration, and price sensitivity in one place.

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Bond Duration & Convexity Calculator

Calculate Macaulay duration, modified duration, effective duration, and convexity. Estimate price changes for any yield shift with duration-convexity adjustment.

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Bond Ladder Builder

Plan a bond ladder with custom rungs, spacing, and yields. Visualize maturity dates, annual cash flows, average portfolio yield, and reinvestment schedule.

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Yield Curve Plotter & Spread Calculator

Plot the Treasury yield curve, calculate 2s/10s and 3M/10Y spreads, and instantly see whether the curve is normal, flat, or inverted — the signal every macro investor watches.

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Inflation-Adjusted Return Calculator

See what your returns are really worth after inflation. Compare nominal vs. real growth and find your true hurdle rate.

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Loan Amortization Calculator

97% of your first payment goes to interest. See the full amortization schedule, principal vs. interest breakdown, and how extra payments can save you a fortune.

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Depreciation Calculator

Calculate depreciation schedules using straight-line, double declining balance, or sum-of-years-digits. Compare methods side by side.

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Breakeven Analysis Calculator

Find out how many units you need to sell to cover costs. Includes sensitivity analysis at different price points.

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Compound Interest Calculator

See how compound interest grows your money over time with optional monthly contributions. Year-by-year breakdown with interest earned vs. principal.

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Annuity Calculator

Calculate present value and future value of ordinary annuities and annuities due. Compare annuity types with a year-by-year growth schedule.

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Payback Period Calculator

Calculate the simple and discounted payback period for any investment. Enter cash flows to find how long it takes to recover your money, plus NPV and profitability index.

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Rule of 72 Calculator

Instantly estimate how long it takes to double your money. Compare Rule of 72, Rule of 70, and Rule of 69.3 with the exact formula across any interest rate.

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Percentage Change Calculator

Calculate percentage change, percentage difference, and percentage of a number. Includes reverse calculations and a multi-period CAGR mode.

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Yield-to-Call Calculator

Calculate yield to maturity, yield to call, and yield to worst for callable bonds. See which yield metric to use with a visual comparison and call likelihood assessment.

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Muni Bond Tax-Equivalent Yield Calculator

Calculate the tax-equivalent yield for municipal bonds based on your federal and state tax bracket. Compare muni yields to corporate bonds at various yields with breakeven analysis and annual tax savings.

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